Indian Tribes Classification: A Comprehensive Guide to Know their Types and Traits

Learn about the various categories of Indian tribes in the United States, including federally recognized, state recognized, and unrecognized tribes.

Indian tribes are a fascinating subject that has been the focus of many studies and research over the years. They are classified based on several factors that make them unique from one another. From their cultural practices to their geographical location, each tribe has its own set of characteristics that set them apart. In this article, we will delve deeper into the world of Indian tribes and explore the various ways in which they are classified. So, buckle up and get ready to embark on a journey through the rich and diverse world of Indian tribes.

Introduction

There are more than 6000 tribes in India, and each tribe has its unique culture, traditions, and ways of living. The Indian government has recognized and classified these tribes based on various parameters such as language, religion, and geographical location. In this article, we will discuss how Indian tribes are classified, their characteristics, and their current status in society.

Classification based on geography

Indian tribes are classified based on their geographical location, which includes their habitat, climate, and terrain. There are mainly two categories of tribes – Scheduled Tribes and Non-Scheduled Tribes. Scheduled Tribes are those who have been listed under the Schedule of the Constitution of India, while Non-Scheduled Tribes are those who have not been included in this list.

Scheduled Tribes

Scheduled Tribes are those tribes that are socially and economically backward and require special attention from the government. They are given special privileges, reservations, and benefits to uplift their status in society. There are more than 700 Scheduled Tribes in India, and they constitute around 8.6% of the country’s population.

Non-Scheduled Tribes

Non-Scheduled Tribes are those tribes that are not listed under the Schedule of the Constitution of India. They do not receive any special benefits or privileges from the government and are considered as a part of the general population. However, some Non-Scheduled Tribes have been recognized by the government and given specific benefits based on their social and economic status.

Classification based on language

Indian tribes are also classified based on their language, which reflects their cultural and social identity. There are more than 19,500 languages spoken in India, out of which 780 are considered to be tribal languages. These languages are further categorized into four language families – Austroasiatic, Dravidian, Sino-Tibetan, and Indo-European.

Austroasiatic languages

Austroasiatic languages are spoken by several tribes in India, including the Khasi, Munda, and Nicobarese tribes. These languages are predominantly spoken in the northeastern states of India and some parts of central India.

Dravidian languages

Dravidian languages are spoken by tribes in southern India, including the Gond, Irula, and Toda tribes. These languages are also spoken in some parts of central India and Sri Lanka.

Sino-Tibetan languages

Sino-Tibetan languages are spoken by tribes in northeastern India, including the Naga, Mizo, and Kuki tribes. These languages are also spoken in some parts of China, Myanmar, and Bhutan.

Indo-European languages

Indo-European languages are spoken by tribes in northern and western India, including the Bhil, Gaddi, and Gujjar tribes. These languages are also spoken in many parts of Europe and Asia.

Classification based on religion

Indian tribes are also classified based on their religion, which is an essential aspect of their cultural identity. The major religions followed by Indian tribes include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism.

Hinduism

Many tribes in India follow Hinduism, and their religious practices are influenced by their local customs and traditions. Some of the famous Hindu tribes include the Bhil, Gond, and Santhal tribes.

Islam

Islam is also followed by some tribes in India, and their religious practices are influenced by their cultural background. The famous Muslim tribes in India include the Meo, Garasia, and Mappila tribes.

Christianity

Christianity is followed by some tribes in India, and their religious practices are influenced by their colonial history. The famous Christian tribes in India include the Khasi, Garo, and Naga tribes.

Buddhism

Buddhism is followed by some tribes in India, and their religious practices are influenced by their geographical location. The famous Buddhist tribes in India include the Lepcha, Sherpa, and Bhutia tribes.

Conclusion

Indian tribes are an integral part of India’s diverse cultural heritage, and their classification is necessary to understand their unique identity and social status. The classification based on geography, language, and religion enables the government to provide them with specific benefits and privileges to uplift their living standards. However, there is still a long way to go in terms of providing equal opportunities and facilities to all tribes in India, regardless of their classification. It is essential to recognize their contributions to Indian society and work towards their holistic development.

How Are Indian Tribes Classified?

India is known for its rich cultural and ethnic diversity, which is reflected in its tribes. The country has around 705 Scheduled Tribes and over 6000 sub-tribes, each having its distinct culture and tradition. These tribes are classified based on various criteria, including geographical location, language, ethnicity, and social structure. This article aims to provide an overview of Indian tribes and how they are classified.

Overview of Indian Tribes in India

Indian tribes are ethnic groups that have a unique culture, language, and social structure. They have inhabited the country for thousands of years, and many of them still maintain their traditional way of life. Indian tribes are spread across the country, from the Himalayas in the north to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the south. They are found in almost every state in India, and each tribe has its distinct identity and cultural heritage.

The Criteria for Classification

There are various criteria used to classify Indian tribes:

Geographical Classification of Indian Tribes

Geographical classification is based on the region where the tribe is located. India has six main geographical regions – the Himalayan region, northern plains, Deccan plateau, eastern coast, western coast, and the islands. Tribes are classified based on their geographical location, and this classification helps in understanding the cultural and linguistic differences between tribes. For example, the tribes in the Himalayan region have a different culture and lifestyle compared to those in the Deccan plateau.

Language-Based Classification of Indian Tribes

Language-based classification is based on the language spoken by the tribe. There are over 19,500 languages spoken in India, with 22 scheduled languages recognized by the Indian Constitution. Tribes are classified based on the language they speak and the linguistic family they belong to. This classification helps in understanding the linguistic diversity of India’s tribes. For example, the tribes in the northeast region of India speak Tibeto-Burman languages, while those in the southern region speak Dravidian languages.

Historical Classification of Indian Tribes

Historical classification is based on the tribe’s history and origin. This classification helps in understanding the migration patterns of tribes and their historical significance. For example, the Adivasi tribes in India are considered to be the country’s indigenous people and have a long history dating back to prehistoric times. Historical classification also helps in understanding the impact of colonization and modernization on tribes.

Ethnic Classification of Indian Tribes

Ethnic classification is based on the tribe’s ethnic identity and cultural practices. This classification helps in understanding the social structure and cultural diversity of Indian tribes. For example, the Gonds in central India have a unique cultural heritage, including their art, music, and dance. Ethnic classification also helps in identifying the similarities and differences between tribes.

State-wise Classification of Indian Tribes

State-wise classification is based on the state where the tribe is located. This classification helps in understanding the distribution of tribes across the country and their concentration in certain regions. For example, the Santhal tribe is concentrated in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha.

Social Classification of Indian Tribes

Social classification is based on the tribe’s social structure and organization. This classification helps in understanding the tribal society’s hierarchy and the roles and responsibilities of different members. For example, the Khasi tribe in Meghalaya follows a matrilineal system of inheritance, where property and family name pass through the mother’s line.

Tribal Classification in Indian Constitution

The Indian Constitution recognizes the importance of tribes and provides for their protection and development. The Constitution includes provisions for Scheduled Tribes, which are tribes that are considered socially and economically disadvantaged. The Constitution provides for affirmative action policies, such as reservations in education and employment, to ensure their development and welfare.

Significance of Indian Tribes in Modern Indian Society

Indian tribes have played a significant role in shaping the country’s history and culture. They have contributed to the country’s art, music, and literature and have a unique way of life that reflects their connection to nature. Tribes have also faced numerous challenges, including displacement, discrimination, and loss of land and resources. However, they continue to maintain their cultural heritage and traditions.

In modern Indian society, tribes play an essential role in preserving the country’s cultural diversity. They provide valuable insights into the country’s traditional knowledge and practices and help in promoting sustainable development. Tribes also contribute to the country’s economy through their handicrafts, agriculture, and forest-based livelihoods.

In conclusion, Indian tribes are a diverse and unique group of people with their distinct culture, language, and traditions. They are classified based on various criteria, including geographical location, language, ethnicity, and social structure. The classification helps in understanding the cultural and linguistic differences between tribes and their historical significance. Tribes have played a significant role in shaping India’s history and culture and continue to contribute to the country’s development and diversity.

Indian tribes are classified based on various factors such as language, cultural practices, geographical region, and historical background. This classification has both pros and cons.

Pros of How Indian Tribes are Classified

Preservation of cultural heritage: Classification of Indian tribes helps in preserving their unique cultural heritage. By identifying the distinct characteristics of each tribe, their cultural practices can be protected and passed down to future generations.
Access to government benefits: Indian tribes are recognized by the federal government, which allows them access to government benefits such as healthcare, education, and housing. This helps in improving their overall quality of life.
Protection of land rights: Classification of Indian tribes also helps in protecting their land rights. Tribal lands are considered sovereign territories and are protected by the federal government, which prevents encroachment by outsiders.
Recognition of tribal sovereignty: Tribal sovereignty is the ability of Indian tribes to govern themselves and make decisions that affect their communities. Classification helps in recognizing this sovereignty and gives them the power to make decisions for the betterment of their people.

Cons of How Indian Tribes are Classified

Stereotyping and discrimination: Classification of Indian tribes can lead to stereotyping and discrimination. Each tribe is unique and should not be generalized based on their classification.
Division among tribes: Classification can create division among tribes. It can lead to competition and conflicts between tribes, which can harm their relationships and hinder their progress.
Loss of identity: In some cases, classification can lead to the loss of tribal identity. Some tribes may not fit into any specific classification and may be left out of government benefits and protections.
Reliance on government assistance: While government benefits provide essential support to Indian tribes, reliance on them can create a sense of dependency and limit their self-sufficiency.

In conclusion, classification of Indian tribes has both positive and negative implications. While it helps in preserving their cultural heritage, protecting their land rights, and recognizing their sovereignty, it can also lead to stereotyping, division, loss of identity, and reliance on government assistance. It is important to recognize the unique characteristics of each tribe and avoid generalizations based on their classification.

Dear valued visitors,

As we come to the end of our journey through the classification of Indian tribes, it is important to reflect on the significance of this classification and its impact on the indigenous communities in India. The classification of Indian tribes is a complex and dynamic process that has evolved over time. It is a reflection of the diversity and richness of Indian culture and heritage.

The classification of Indian tribes is primarily based on linguistic and cultural factors. India has a vast number of languages, with each language having its unique dialects and variations. These languages are often associated with specific regions and communities, and as a result, tribes are classified based on their language and its associated culture. This classification has helped to identify the unique needs and requirements of different tribes and has been a vital tool for government and policymakers to develop policies and programs for their welfare.

However, it is important to note that the classification of Indian tribes has not been without its controversies. In some cases, tribes have been wrongly classified, leading to a loss of identity and cultural heritage. There have also been instances where tribes have been excluded from the classification system altogether, leading to a lack of recognition and support from the government. It is essential that these issues are addressed, and the voices of these marginalized communities are heard.

In conclusion, the classification of Indian tribes is an ongoing process that requires constant evaluation and improvement. It is a vital tool for understanding and preserving the rich and diverse cultural heritage of India’s indigenous communities. We hope that this article has provided you with valuable insights into the classification system and its impact on Indian society. Thank you for visiting, and we look forward to sharing more informative articles with you in the future.